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Milling

Home Cutting Tools Milling

Functions of Cutting Edge Angle

# Symbol Material Function Effect
1 AR Axial rake angle Determines chip evacuation direction, adhesion, thrust, etc. Available in positive to negative (large to small) rake angles. Typical combinations: Positive and Negative, Positive
2 RR Radial rake angle Determines chip thickness and chip evacuation direction Large: Thin chips, small cutting force
3 AA Approach angle Effective rake angle Positive (Large): Excellent machinability and low chip adhesion. Low cutting edge strength. Negative (Small): Strong cutting edge and easy chip adhesion
4 TA True rake angle Determines chip control direction Positive (Large): Excellent chip control and small cutting force. Low cutting edge strength
5 IA Cutting edge inclination angle Determines surface finish roughness Small: Excellent surface roughness
6 FA Face cutting h angle Determines cutting edge strength, tool life, chattering —

Rake Angle Combination & Features

# Symbol Material Function Effect
1 AR Axial rake angle Determines chip evacuation direction, adhesion, thrust, etc. Available in positive to negative (large to small) rake angles. Typical combinations: Positive and Negative, Positive
2 RR Radial rake angle Determines chip thickness and chip evacuation direction Large: Thin chips, small cutting force
3 AA Approach angle Effective rake angle Positive (Large): Excellent machinability and low chip adhesion. Low cutting edge strength. Negative (Small): Strong cutting edge and easy chip adhesion
4 TA True rake angle Determines chip control direction Positive (Large): Excellent chip control and small cutting force. Low cutting edge strength
5 IA Cutting edge inclination angle Determines surface finish roughness Small: Excellent surface roughness
6 FA Face cutting h angle Determines cutting edge strength, tool life, chattering —
Drill Parts

Relation between Engagement Angle & Tool Life

The engagement angle denotes the angle at which the full length of the cutting edge comes in contact with the work material, with reference to the feed direction.
The larger E is, the shorter the tool life.
To change the value of E:
(1) Increase the cutter size.
(2) Shift the position of the cutter

Improving Surface Roughness

Inserts with wiper flat


When all of the cutting edges have wiper flats, a few teeth protrude due to inevitable runout and act as wiper inserts.
Insert equipped with straight wiper flat (Face angle: Around 15' to1°)
Insert equipped with curved wiper flat (Curvature: R500)

Wiper Inserts assembling system


A system in which one or two inserts (wiper inserts) protrude with a smooth curved edge just a little beyond the other teeth to wipe the milled surface. (Applicable to WGX series, DGC series, etc.)
Drill Parts

Troubleshooting for Milling

# Failure Basic Remedies Countermeasures (Example)
Cutting Edge Failure
1 Failure 1 Sharpen blade regularly
# Steel Iron Alloy
Finishing Use fine-grit tool Apply coolant Polish surface
Roughing Use carbide inserts Higher feed rate Deep cuts allowed
2 Failure 2 Reduce feed rate
# Steel Iron Alloy
Finishing Use fine-grit tool Apply coolant Polish surface
Roughing Use carbide inserts Higher feed rate Deep cuts allowed
3 Failure 3 Change tool material
# Steel Iron Alloy
Finishing Use fine-grit tool Apply coolant Polish surface
Roughing Use carbide inserts Higher feed rate Deep cuts allowed
4 Failure 4 Check spindle runout
# Steel Iron Alloy
Finishing Use fine-grit tool Apply coolant Polish surface
Roughing Use carbide inserts Higher feed rate Deep cuts allowed
Others
1 Failure 1 Clean work area
# Steel Iron Alloy
Finishing Use fine-grit tool Apply coolant Polish surface
Roughing Use carbide inserts Higher feed rate Deep cuts allowed
2 Failure 2 Train operators
# Steel Iron Alloy
Finishing Use fine-grit tool Apply coolant Polish surface
Roughing Use carbide inserts Higher feed rate Deep cuts allowed
3 Failure 3 Regular maintenance
# Steel Iron Alloy
Finishing Use fine-grit tool Apply coolant Polish surface
Roughing Use carbide inserts Higher feed rate Deep cuts allowed
4 Failure 4 Replace worn components
# Steel Iron Alloy
Finishing Use fine-grit tool Apply coolant Polish surface
Roughing Use carbide inserts Higher feed rate Deep cuts allowed